Citizens Review (国民審査, Kokumin Shinsa) is a system in Japan that allows citizens to review the performance of Supreme Court justices. It is held every ten years, with the next review scheduled for 2024.
Under the system, voters are presented with a list of the current Supreme Court justices and asked to vote on whether each justice should be retained or dismissed. A majority vote in favor of dismissal is required for a justice to be removed from office.
The Citizens Review system was established in 1947 as part of the post-World War II reforms to the Japanese constitution. It was intended to ensure the independence of the judiciary by giving citizens a direct say in the selection and retention of Supreme Court justices.
However, the system has been criticized for being largely symbolic. In the 75 years since it was established, no Supreme Court justice has ever been dismissed by a vote of the people.
Despite its limited practical impact, the Citizens Review system remains an important part of the Japanese constitutional system. It serves as a reminder of the principle of judicial independence and the ultimate authority of the people in a democratic society.
Here are some additional details about the Citizens Review system:
- It is held on the same day as the House of Representatives election.
- All eligible voters in Japan are eligible to participate.
- Voters can vote for or against each justice individually.
- If a justice is dismissed by a vote of the people, the Cabinet appoints a replacement.
- The results of the Citizens Review are not binding on the Supreme Court justices. They can continue to serve in their positions even if they are voted out of office.
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Please search for “国民審査” which is rapidly rising on Google Trends JP and explain in detail. Answers should be in English.
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