GISB stands for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST). It is a type of cancer that starts in the digestive system. GISTs can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, but they are most commonly found in the stomach and small intestine.
GISTs are relatively rare, accounting for about 1% of all gastrointestinal cancers. However, they are the most common type of sarcoma (cancer of the connective tissue) that occurs in the digestive system.
The exact cause of GISTs is unknown. However, it is thought that they may be caused by a mutation in the KIT gene. The KIT gene helps to control cell growth and division. When the KIT gene is mutated, it can lead to the uncontrolled growth of cells, which can eventually form a tumor.
Symptoms of GISTs
The symptoms of GISTs can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Blood in the stool
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
Treatment for GISTs
The treatment for GISTs depends on the size, location, and stage of the tumor. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.
Surgery is the most common treatment for GISTs. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor completely. Surgery may also be used to relieve symptoms caused by the tumor, such as bleeding or obstruction.
Chemotherapy is a type of drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used before or after surgery to shrink the tumor or to kill any cancer cells that may have spread to other parts of the body.
Radiation therapy is a type of treatment that uses high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be used before or after surgery to shrink the tumor or to kill any cancer cells that may have spread to other parts of the body.
Targeted therapy is a type of drug treatment that targets specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Targeted therapy may be used to treat GISTs that have spread to other parts of the body or that have recurred after surgery.
Outlook for GISTs
The outlook for GISTs depends on the size, location, and stage of the tumor. The five-year survival rate for GISTs that are localized to the stomach or small intestine is about 90%. The five-year survival rate for GISTs that have spread to other parts of the body is about 50%.
GISTs are a rare but serious type of cancer. However, with early diagnosis and treatment, the outlook for GISTs is generally good.
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